Every case explained
| Case | Example | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence case | The city of London is busy. | Normal writing, UI labels |
| lower case | the city of london is busy. | Hashtags, casual text |
| UPPER CASE | THE CITY OF LONDON IS BUSY. | Warnings, acronyms, signs |
| Title Case | The City of London Is Busy | Headlines, book and film titles |
| Capitalize Each Word | The City Of London Is Busy | Names, some product listings |
| camelCase | theCityOfLondon | JavaScript and Java variables |
| PascalCase | TheCityOfLondon | Class and component names |
| snake_case | the_city_of_london | Python, databases, file names |
| kebab-case | the-city-of-london | URLs, CSS classes |
| CONSTANT_CASE | THE_CITY_OF_LONDON | Constants, environment variables |
How Title Case works
Title case follows the rules shared by most English style guides (AP, Chicago, APA, MLA): capitalise the first and last word and every "major" word, but keep short articles, conjunctions and prepositions in lower case. The words kept small here are: a, an, and, as, at, but, by, for, if, in, nor, of, on, or, per, the, to, vs, via and with. A word straight after a colon or dash is always capitalised.
Style guides differ on a few details. APA, for example, capitalises any word of four letters or more, including prepositions like "with". If your publication has a house style, check the result against it.
Sentence case and the caps-lock fix
Typed a whole paragraph with caps lock on? Choose Sentence case. It lowers everything, then capitalises the first letter after each full stop, question mark, exclamation mark and new line, and the word "I". Names and places will need a quick manual touch afterwards, since a tool can't know that "london" is a city.
For developers
The programming cases split text into words at spaces, punctuation and existing case changes, so "userAccountID", "user account id" and "user-account-id" all convert cleanly into each other. Each line is converted separately, which makes it easy to rename a whole list of variables at once.
Frequently asked questions
How do I change text from uppercase to lowercase?
Paste the text and click “lower case”. To keep capital letters at the start of sentences, choose “Sentence case” instead.
What words are not capitalised in title case?
Short articles, conjunctions and prepositions such as a, an, the, and, but, or, of, in, on, at, to and for, unless they are the first or last word of the title.
What is the difference between Title Case and Capitalize Each Word?
Title Case keeps small words like “of” and “the” in lower case. Capitalize Each Word capitalises every word.
How do I fix text typed in caps lock?
Paste it and choose Sentence case. Then capitalise any names by hand.
Is my text stored?
No. Conversion happens in your browser and nothing is sent anywhere.
Last updated October 2026 · More text tools